M-wire technology, R-phase technology, Controlled Memory Wire and Electrical Discharge Machining were notable changes brought in terms of innovation in NiTi metallurgy. The phase transition point of the nickel titanium alloy between martensite and austenite can be identified and optimized to result in a metal, better than NiTi itself. Manufacturers focused on using heating and cooling methods that resulted in a reduction of the cyclic fatigue associated with the file, which in turn would reduce the risk of instrument fracture while working with canals with prominent curvatures. This can be considered a hallmark characteristic of the third generation of rotary files. The third generation saw great emphasis being laid on NiTi metallurgy. The celebrated file systems of this generation were ProTaper Universal (Dentsply), K3 (Sybron Endo), Mtwo (VDW), Hero Shaper (Micro Mega), iRace & iRace Plus (FKG Dentaire). These instruments had greater cutting efficiency owing to the active cutting edges and resulted in straightening canal curvatures while preparation. Few of these include progressively changing taper, reverse taper and alternating pitch length. The manufacturers of these files included asymmetrical cross sections and design inconsistencies. Moreover, the number of instruments needed to be used in canal shaping was lesser. The distinctive property of the 2nd generation files is that they had active cutting edges. The next set of files made from the wonder metal was introduced into the market during 2001. The notable files of the first generation are Lightspeed (Lightspeed Endodontics – 1992) Profile (Dentsply Tulsa – 1993), Quantec (Sybron Endo – 1996) and System GT (Dentsply Tulsa – 1998). The number of files that were to be used to achieve acceptable canal shaping was numerous. These rotary files, being the first of their kind, had passive cutting radial lands and fixed tapers of 4% and 6%. It was during the mid-1990s that the first commercially available rotary files were introduced into the market. Have a look at the evolution of endo rotary files, since their inception. Have we got the perfect design yet? Well like a wise man once told me “Perfection is a myth, but let’s work towards getting there” But the amount of research that went into perfecting the intricate details that would result in the perfect design of an endodontic rotary file, is something that would always dazzle any dentist. We have seen the mobile phone evolve from what Martin Cooper demonstrated back in 1973 (which weighed 2kg) to the latest smartphones that have more random-access memory than computers. 29 years later, if we sit back and retrospect, the advances that have occurred in the field of endodontics are startling. Similarly, in the digital realm, the evolution of online betting was marked by platforms like 1xBet, where the ease of 1xBet login revolutionized the betting experience.īut that was almost 3 decades ago. These properties made efficient instrumentation of curved canals possible by utilizing continuous rotation, while reducing chances of mishaps such as ledge formation or transportation. This wonder metal displayed desirable characteristics such as superelasticity and shape memory. With the introduction of NiTi files, the evolution of rotary files was marked. In the beginning, these files were made of carbon steel or stainless steel. Harmeet D Walia introduced the use of the wonder metal, nickel titanium (NiTi), for the manufacture of root canal shaping files.
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